{"id":5488,"date":"2025-05-22T12:26:30","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T10:26:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/measline.com\/?page_id=5488"},"modified":"2025-07-01T10:09:32","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T08:09:32","slug":"apparatus-for-the-study-of-the-electro-degradation-or-resistive-switching-phenomena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/measline.com\/index.php\/en-gb\/apparatus-for-the-study-of-the-electro-degradation-or-resistive-switching-phenomena\/","title":{"rendered":"Apparatus for Electro-Degradation and Resistive Switching Studies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.05)” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding=”11px||3px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_button button_url=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjQ0MzkifX0=@” button_text=”Back to all projects” _builder_version=”4.22.1″ _dynamic_attributes=”button_url” _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_color=”#225500″ button_border_width=”0px” button_icon=”J||divi||400″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.17.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_button button_url=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjU1MTcifX0=@” button_text=”Surface Physics Research Equipment” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _dynamic_attributes=”button_url” _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_color=”#225500″ button_border_width=”0px” button_icon=”J||divi||400″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Apparatus for the study of the electro-degradation or resistive switching phenomena<\/span><\/h1>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#215500″ divider_weight=”2px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-23px||6px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Determining the equilibrium concentration of defects at high temperatures is essential in studying innovative materials’ physical and chemical properties, e.g., materials for gas sensors, heterogenous catalysis, high-temperature fuel cells, resistive switched memories, piezoelectric\/ferroelectric oxides, etc. For such analysis of the type of defect, their concentration and activation energy can be determined using different physical and chemical techniques.<\/p>\n

The most popular method of defect chemistry is based on measuring the electrical conductivity as a function of the partial pressure of different oxidizing and reducing gases. Although such investigations are essential and have a long tradition, a crucial point is controlling the gas partial pressure, such as the oxygen partial pressure. The pressure can be adjusted by conventional gas mixing (buffer gases, like CO\/CO2 or H2\/H2O) or electrochemically using the oxygen pump (YSZ).<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/measline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Apparatus-for-testing-electro-degradation-processes.jpg” alt=”Apparatus For Testing Electro Degradation Processes” title_text=”Apparatus For Testing Electro Degradation Processes” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Station for studying electrodegradation processes as a function of electric field strength, temperature, and oxidant activity<\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

The equipment enables the examination <\/span>of the electro-degradation, electro-reduction, electro-deoxidation processes of crystalline and polycrystalline samples as a function of the electric field strength, temperature, and activity of oxidant (which can be achieved by controlling the partial pressure of, e.g., oxygen in the vacuum chamber). These complicated processes, which analysis is essential for understanding aging processes (e.g., nature of electrical or thermal breakdown), electrochemical degradation, or electrical switching phenomena ( so-called resistive switching), can be observed for samples with two or multielectrode configuration.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

The using of multielectrode geometry allows the simultaneous analysis of the potential distribution (1-10 probes) along the sample and determines the role of the regions close to the electrodes (interfaces) and the interior of the sample in the electric transport. After degrading the sample’s resistance, the electrical conductivity’s character can be determined using the same system for the complete sample and in all its regions (between the probes) by measuring the thermal dependence of the resistance. In addition, the I\/V characteristics can be measured for the iso-thermic conditions globally or in different areas of the sample.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

\n
\n
\n

Because\u00a0 the system offers the\u00a0 vacuum range typical for the cosmic conditions, this apparatus allows the analysis of the stability of the different materials used for space technology, e.g., piezoelectric actuator exposed to long electrical polarization.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/measline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Potential-Distribution-Change-Chart-for-PZT-Ceramics.jpg” alt=”Potential Distribution Change Chart For Pzt Ceramics” title_text=”Potential Distribution Change Chart For Pzt Ceramics” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

The evolution of the potential distribution at moderate temperature for model piezoelectrics ceramic ( here PZT) exposed on cosmic conditions<\/span><\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/measline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Schematic-of-the-multi-electrodes-system-for-determining-the-potential-distribution.jpg” alt=”Schematic Of The Multi Electrodes System For Determining The Potential Distribution” title_text=” Multi Electrodes System ” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Schematic of the multi-electrodes system for determining the potential distribution along the polarized sample as a function of the electro-degradation time or the partial pressure of different gases. Legend: S-sample, G- Voltage source or generator, I\/V current-to-voltage converter, \u03c6<\/span>1<\/span>-\u03c6<\/span>9<\/span>– potential distribution along the sample (the potential will be determined electrometrically), T-thermocouple, H-heating elements, VP vacuum pump, NV-<\/span>variable leak valve.<\/span><\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/measline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/The-schema-of-the-system-for-the-characterization-of-electrodegradation-phenomena.jpg” alt=”The Schema Of The System For The Characterization Of Electrodegradation Phenomena” title_text=”The Schema Of The System For The Characterization Of Electrodegradation Phenomena” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

The schema of the system for the characterization of electrodegradation phenomena<\/span><\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Moreover, the system enables the investigation of electro-degradation processes in solid-state materials with the option to integrate an infrared camera or microscope with a long working distance (e.g., FLIR). This configuration allows for real-time temperature mapping of the sample surface, providing insight into local heating effects, current paths, and the formation of hot spots during electrical loading.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/measline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Temperature-distribution-during-electrodegradation.jpg” alt=”Temperature Distribution During Electrodegradation” title_text=”Temperature Distribution During Electrodegradation” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Temperature distribution along of Nb-doped SrTiO\u2083<\/span>(100) single crystal during electrodegradation with high current density, which has induced self-heating of the crystal. Infrared images obtained in operando with <\/span>X6540sc, FLIR Systems Rodenbucher et al<\/span><\/span>. Scientific <\/span><\/span>Reports<\/span><\/span> 8:3774 (2018)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.05)” custom_padding=”37px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Wiersz” _builder_version=”4.16.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”6px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”305px” custom_margin=”-12px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||3px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

The most significant device features:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n