In the study of surface physics\u2014including surface defects, electro-degradation phenomena, and controlled desorption\u2014the key factor is the control of gas partial pressure. The pressure can be regulated either through conventional gas mixing (buffer gases such as CO\/CO\u2082 or H\u2082\/H\u2082O) or electrochemically using an oxygen pump (YSZ). The presented device uses a new method for controlling partial pressure connected the possibility of generating the XHV or \u00a0UHV conditions and the precise introduction of the defined doses of various gases in the vacuum system. Additionally, in this apparatus, the partial pressure of the gases is not dependent on the temperature of the mixing gases.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=”5706,5700″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]
The system allows the study of the thermal or electrical-induced desorption\/effusion phenomena. The information about the desorbed from the surface or effused from bulk species is essential for basic research and technology. Using temperature-programmed or isothermal desorption can be determined essentially for kinetics, statistical thermodynamics, or molecular dynamics parameters for surface or bulk. <\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”] The construction of the apparatus allows the separation of the desorption process from the walls of the chambers and the desorption from the sample; namely, the sample can be mechanically introduced into the preheated\/baked-out tubes, which are wholly degassed. In addition, the gas loading experiment in the same reaction chamber (for precisely defined temperatures and gas doses) can be obtained and measured using a quadrupole mass spectrometer, which allows subsequently an identification of the gas evolution from the sample induced by heating (isothermal heating or with programmed temperature ramp) or electrochemically.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n An integral part of the apparatus is a calibration system, which allows a precise recalculation of the pressure change ( as a function of the time) on the absolute number of atoms or molecules removed from the sample during the desorption<\/span><\/p>\n <\/a>The apparatus allows also for a quick check of the stability of samples, which, by the exposition on vacuum conditions at high temperatures, are in contact with a material that possesses getter properties. The reduction of the local partial pressure, (e.g., oxygen) coming from the getter materials such as Ti, Mo, and Ta ( often applied for the construction of the heating stage or holder) can lead to the complete destruction of the investigated oxides<\/span>. Using the QMS measurement of the thermally induced effusion from the crucible in which the sample is in contact with getter materials, the range of the stability of the oxides can be determined. <\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/measline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pomiar-desorpcji-gazow-3.jpg” alt=”Pomiar Desorpcji Gaz\u00f3w” title_text=”Pomiar Desorpcji Gaz\u00f3w” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”] Principle of the measurement of the evolution of gasses during desorption experiments<\/span><\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”] The apparatus has demonstrated its usefulness, e.g., for the measurement of the evolution of the H\u2082<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0from passivated Si for the reduction of different model oxides ( SrTiO<\/span>3<\/span> Figure 5 or BaTiO\u2083) for electro-degradation (resistive switching Figure 6) of memristive materials or thermal decomposition of oxides in the presence of getters.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/measline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Effusion-of-oxygen-from-SrTiO3.jpg” alt=”Effusion Of Oxygen From Srtio3″ title_text=”Effusion Of Oxygen From Srtio3″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”] Measurement<\/span> of the thermo-stimulated desorption of oxygen (obtained using mass-spectrometry) during successive reduction of SrTiO\u2083 <\/span>crystal under UHV conditions (T = 600\u20131000\u00b0C). (<\/span><\/em>Szot et al. <\/span><\/em><\/span>Crystals, 2018,8, 241; )<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/measline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Electro-degradation-of-SrTiO3-crystal.jpg” alt=”Electro Degradation Of Srtio3 Crystal” title_text=”Electro Degradation Of Srtio3 Crystal” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”] Example of the studies of the effusion processes of oxygen which accompanied the of electro-degradation of SrTiO\u2083<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>crystal. (Szot et al., Crystals, 2018,<\/span>8<\/span><\/em>, 241)<\/em> <\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.05)” custom_padding=”37px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Wiersz” _builder_version=”4.16.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”6px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”305px” custom_margin=”-12px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||3px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”] <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Analysis of thermally or electrically induced desorption\/effusion:<\/strong> Support for temperature-programmed and isothermal desorption:<\/strong> Chamber design ensuring separation of desorption sources:<\/strong> Gas dosing and reaction capability:<\/strong> Quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) integration:<\/strong> Built-in calibration system:<\/strong> Assessment of material stability under vacuum:<\/strong> Evaluation of getter-induced decomposition:<\/strong> Furnace<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n 100-1400\u00b0C\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Temperature conditions<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n isothermal conditions\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n programmed increasing of the temperature<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Kind <\/span>of sample\/ getter<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n powder\/ powder, <\/span><\/p>\n ceramics\/ powder,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n solid\/ solid<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”] We invite you to explore the publications presenting the results achieved with the device described above:<\/p>\n Szot et al. Nanomaterials<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>2024<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>14<\/span>(23), 1944<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Rodenbucher et al.<\/span> <\/span>Phys. Status Solidi RRL 2017, 11, 1700222<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Explore other system configurations that offer extended functionality and broader application possibilities:<\/p>\n Apparatus for the study of defect chemistry of solid state<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\nThe most significant device features:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
\n
Enables advanced studies of gas release from surfaces and bulk under controlled thermal or electrical conditions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Suitable for determining kinetic parameters, statistical thermodynamics, and molecular dynamics at the surface or in the bulk material.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Allows differentiation between gases desorbed from the sample and those released from the chamber walls. Samples are introduced into preheated and fully degassed tubes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Enables precise introduction of defined gas doses at controlled temperatures within the same chamber, ideal for reaction studies.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Real-time detection and identification of gases released due to thermal ramping or electrochemical stimulation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Allows accurate conversion of pressure changes over time into the absolute number of atoms or molecules desorbed from the sample.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Facilitates quick verification of the thermal stability of samples exposed to high vacuum and getter materials (e.g., Ti, Mo, Ta).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
QMS analysis of effusion from crucibles in contact with getter materials enables determination of oxide degradation thresholds.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u2013 Eliminates the need for YSZ oxygen pumps, which require ionic conductivity and cannot operate below 500\u202f\u00b0C
\u2013 Allows experiments at lower temperatures inaccessible to traditional electrochemical control systems<\/li>\n
\u2013 Enables operation under XHV (extremely high vacuum) or UHV (ultra-high vacuum) conditions
\u2013 Allows accurate introduction of well-defined doses of various gases into the vacuum system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”30px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]Specification:<\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n Vacuum<\/td>\n UHV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Detection system<\/td>\n QMS – quadrupole mass spectrometer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n